Dissertations and Theses

Summary

The use of statistical techniques to assess measuring the behavior of attributes of the soil is an important factor in the determination of management and proper use of soil. Thus, this work has as objective to evaluate the spatial variability of the magnetic susceptibility and physical and chemical attributes of soil and apply multivariate techniques to characterize different environments in the Southern region of Amazonas. The study was carried out in a Red Argisol submitted to different environments: soil horizon with anthropic or archaeological black earth (TPA) on the surface, soil in the natural environment or the forest and soil in use with livestock grazing brachiaria (Brachiaria brizantha). These areas were established grids of 70 x 70 m, with regular spacing of 10 m. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-20 and 40-60 cm. Were determined chemical attributes (pH in water, organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and potential acidity) and physical (texture, macroporosity, microporosity, mean weight diameter, bulk density, particle density and magnetic susceptibility. The data were submitted analyzes of variance, and the averages compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. For characterization of the variability, was performed the descriptive statistics and geostatistics that served as the basis for the determination of the scaled semivariograms The coefficient of variation and the range of scaled semivariogram, were used to determine the density minimum sample collection that can promote the characterization of the spatial variability of the studied attributes for the three environments. On the other hand, the data were analyzed by subjecting them to multivariate statistical techniques in order to characterize the environments. The results show that the area with black earth archaeological requires more number of soil samples for characterization of the spatial variability of attributes (5 points ha-1). The SM presents spatial behavior similar to attributes, being its density sample next to sample density of attributes we studied environments. The study shows that the area with forest and pasture exhibit similar behavior and differ from the archaeological area with black earth, which shows the greater fertility of horizons antropic in Amazonian soils. The attributes that best characterize the environmental are the calcium black land archaeological, potential acidity in the area with forest and clay for pasture.